Ascension Island (7.95°S, 14.37°W) is a dependency of St. Helena which lies some 800 miles to the southeast (location map). It is as remote as St. Helena, being almost exactly in the middle of the South Atlantic, but is a smaller island (98 sq. km [34 sq. mi.]; topographic map).
Ascension is volcanic in origin, but has superb white sand beaches (the sand is shell and coral sand). It is
a rugged, dry, barren, and inhospitable island. Most of the surface of Ascension is covered by basalt lava
flows and cinder cones (geology of Ascension).
History
Ascension was first discovered in 1501 by Juan da Nova Castella, but the discovery apparently went
unrecorded, and the island was re-discovered on Ascension Day 1503 by Alfonso d'Albuquerque.
Subsequently Ascension was little visited; it was too dry and barren to be of any use to the East Indies
fleets. Ascension became strategically significant with the exile of Napoleon to St. Helena; the British
were concerned that it could be used in any attempt to rescue Napoleon. Thus a small British naval
garrison was established on the island in October 1815. By Napoleon's death in 1821 Ascension had
become a victualling station and sanitarium for ships engaged in suppression of the slave trade from the West African coast. In 1823 the garrison was taken over by the Royal Marines and the island remained a naval possession (HMS Ascension, "a Sloop of War of the smaller class") until 1922 when Ascension became a dependency of St. Helena.
In 1942 US Army Engineers built the airfield, but after W.W.II the island reverted back to the sole use of Cable and Wireless. In 1957 the US presence was re-established on Ascension with the extension of the Eastern Test Range followed by the construction of a NASA tracking station in 1967 (since closed down). In 1966 the BBC constructed a short wave relay station to serve South America and Africa.
Ascension came to brief international notice during the Falklands war when it served as a staging post for the British forces en route to and from the Falklands.
Present Day Ascension
Ascension has a population of about 1,250 (mostly Saints) and is a communications centre (BBC and Cable and Wireless) in addition to the RAF and USAF presence. A resident Administrator nominally governs Ascension, although in reality the island is run (and operating costs paid for) by its users.
Although Ascension has an airstrip it is effectively inaccessible to the casual visitor as it is a "closed" island. There are no commercial flights to Ascension; RAF flights from Brize Norton to the Falklands stop at Ascension, and USAF flights from Patrick AFB (Florida) serve the US Base on the island. There are no facilities for tourists or casual visitors. The only way to briefly visit Ascension is as a passenger on the Royal Mail Ship (RMS) St. Helena.
Take a photo tour of Ascension.
Ascension Bibliography (arranged by year of publication)
- Allen, W. 1835. Picturesque Views in the Island of Ascension. London.
- Gill, I. 1878. Six Months in Ascension. Murray, London.
- Stonehouse, B. 1960. Wideawake Island. Hutchison, London.
- Hart-Davis, D. 1973. Ascension: The Story of a South Atlantic Island.
Doubleday, New York.
- Packer, J.E. 1983. The Ascension Handbook.
National Geographic Articles
- Clarke, F.J. 1944. Ascension Island, an Engineering Victory. National
Geographic, vol. 85, p. 623-640.
- Moore, W.R. 1945. Green Grows for GI's on Soilless Ascension. National
Geographic, vol. 88, p. 219-230.
Visit Saint Helena.
Visit Tristan da Cunha.
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since 23 October 1997.
Except where otherwise noted, photographic images and text on this and related pages are copyright of Barry Weaver. You are welcome to download images and text, but if you use them or pass them on please acknowledge the source.
Comments? Corrections? More information? Contact:
Barry Weaver, Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma -
bweaver@ou.edu